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| MIDI FAQ |
Updated: April 4, 2005
What is MIDI?
MIDI stands for "Musical Instrument Digital Interface." This language was originally created to allow synthesizers to communicate with one another, though through the medium of a computer, MIDI file began to be made soley through the computer instead of the computer being a sole relaying source. Now, MIDI has become a dominant language that both professional and amateur musicians have utilized to make compostions and audio recreations of other musicians' works.
What is a SoundFont?
A SoundFont is a bank of instrument and sound effect sound samples that functions with MIDI as a pool of "patches." These instrument patches are used to set what type of instrument is to play in any particular MIDI.
What are SoundFonts usually comprised of?
Most SoundFont banks have 128 generic patches as well as 10 drum kits, usually utilized through General MIDI (or GM). MIDI devices tend to read the patch numbers as starting at "0" though others do read them as starting at "1." For all intensive purposes, the display here will start at "0"
000 - Acoustic Grand Piano
001 - Bright Acoustic Piano
002 - Electric Grand Piano
003 - Honky-tonk Piano
004 - Rhodes Piano
005 - Chorused Piano
006 - Harpsichord
007 - Clavinet
008 - Celesta
009 - Glockenspiel
010 - Music Box
011 - Vibraphone
012 - Marimba
013 - Xylophone
014 - Tubular Bells
015 - Dulcimer
016 - Hammond Organ
017 - Percussive Organ
018 - Rock Organ
019 - Church Organ
020 - Reed Organ
021 - Accordian
022 - Harmonica
023 - Tango Accordian (Bandion)
024 - Acoustic Guitar (nylon)
025 - Acoustic Guitar (steel)
026 - Electric Guitar (jazz)
027 - Electric Guitar (clean)
028 - Electric Guitar (muted)
029 - Overdriven Guitar
030 - Distortion Guitar
031 - Guitar Harmonics
032 - Acoustic Bass
033 - Electric Bass (finger)
034 - Electric Bass (pick)
035 - Fretless Bass
036 - Slap Bass 1
037 - Slap Bass 2
038 - Synth Bass 1
039 - Synth Bass 2
040 - Violin
041 - Viola
042 - Cello
043 - Contrabass
044 - Tremolo Strings
045 - Pizzicato Strings
046 - Orchestral Harp
047 - Timpani
048 - String Ensemble 1
049 - String Ensemble 2 (Slow Strings)
050 - SynthStrings 1
051 - SynthStrings 2
052 - Choir Aahs
053 - Voice Oohs
054 - Synth Voice
055 - Orchestra Hit
056 - Trumpet
057 - Trombone
058 - Tuba
059 - Muted Trumpet
060 - French Horn
061 - Brass Section
062 - Synth Brass 1
063 - Synth Brass 2
064 - Soprano Sax
065 - Alto Sax
066 - Tenor Sax
067 - Baritone Sax
068 - Oboe
069 - English Horn
070 - Bassoon
071 - Clarinet
072 - Piccolo
073 - Flute
074 - Recorder
075 - Pan Flute
076 - Bottle Blow
077 - Shakuhachi
078 - Whistle
079 - Ocarina
080 - Lead 1 (square)
081 - Lead 2 (sawtooth)
082 - Lead 3 (calliope lead)
083 - Lead 4 (chiffer lead)
084 - Lead 5 (charang)
085 - Lead 6 (voice)
086 - Lead 7 (fifths)
087 - Lead 8 (bass + lead)
088 - Pad 1 (new age)
089 - Pad 2 (warm)
090 - Pad 3 (polysynth)
091 - Pad 4 (choir)
092 - Pad 5 (bowed)
093 - Pad 6 (metallic)
094 - Pad 7 (halo)
095 - Pad 8 (sweep)
096 - FX 1 (rain)
097 - FX 2 (soundtrack)
098 - FX 3 (crystal)
099 - FX 4 (atmosphere)
100 - FX 5 (brightness)
101 - FX 6 (goblins)
102 - FX 7 (echos)
103 - FX 8 (sci-fi)
104 - Sitar
105 - Banjo
106 - Shamisen
107 - Koto
108 - Kalimba
109 - Bagpipe
110 - Fiddle
111 - Shanai
112 - Tinkle Bell
113 - Agogo
114 - Steel Drums
115 - Woodblock
116 - Taiko Drum
117 - Melodic Tom
118 - Synth Drum
119 - Reverse Cymbal
120 - Guitar Fret Noise
121 - Breath Noise
122 - Seashore
123 - Bird Tweet
124 - Telephone Ring
125 - Helicopter
126 - Applause
127 - Gunshot
What is the difference between General MIDI (GM) and Extended MIDI (XG)?
General MIDI is a language that nearly all synthesizers and sound devices can communicate with clearly. Extended MIDI, if you will, is a bit like a dialect of GM that contains all its previous terms (such as volume, pan, modulation, sustain, velocity, and expression control(er)s). XG has the abilty to tack on SysEx, code designed to enhance a MIDI, and use a larger range of patch samples (more than the original 128; see above).
What was the first synthesizer?
The first synthesizer was technically the "Musical Telegraph," developed by Elisha Gray after his discovery that one could control sound from an electromagnetic circuit. It was first developed in 1872. However, despite this finding, the Telharmonium, made public in 1902, is generally accepted as the first synthesizer. Robert A. Moog's MiniMoog is considered the first porable synthesizer. The Harmonic Synthesizer, the first digital synthesizer, was first made in 1972 by a company called RMI.
What is the difference between analog and digital synthesis?
Digital synthesis is, essentially, analog synthesis with a different/separate set of subroutines. With analog synthesis, filters are monitored individually, and through digital synthesis, a similar procedure is followed though through a set of interactive buttons and windows as opposed to individual knobs. This is the view from the outside, however. The methodic storage and altering of data of digital synthesis is what eventually gives birth to what we know as MIDI.
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